1. Since the establishment of the National Health Insurance scheme in 1995 and the National Health Information Network (HIN), medical-oriented information technology has been extensively adopted in clinical practice, as evidenced by widespread information system outsourcing.

I A. insular

B. pervasive

C. parochial

2. An increasing number of hospitals and medical institutions purchase commercially produced medical information systems or related components.

A. dissimilar

B. allied

C. irrelevant

3. There is increasing reliance on information technology firms to design medical information systems and software.

A. assuredness

B.  refutable

C. contestable   

4. However, creating medical software involves several complex issues such as effectively integrating information.

A. dissipating

B. effusing

C. consolidating

5. While information technology firms can develop software to match individual hospital needs, integrating future applications into existing systems can be problematic.

A. dubious

B. contented

C. jocund

6. Computerization of hospital operations increased from 28% in 1994 to 57% in 1996.

A. handiwork

B. digitalization

C. workmanship

7. Available medical information systems include medical management systems, medical Intranet systems, Internet-based medical systems and electronic charts.

A. curative 

B. officious

C.  presumptuous

8. According to Information Security Technical Report (Vol.1, No3), the Outsourcing Institute forecasts annual expenditures on outsourcing by organizations in the United States at $100 billion dollars.

A. resources

B. nest egg

C. disbursements

9. Information technology (IT) outsourcing accounted for 40% of this total, or $40 billion dollars.

A. amounted to

B.  divided into

C.  extracted

10. The US information industry outsourced over $US 1,755,000,000 to the medical services sector in 2001, increasing to $US 2,809,000,000 in 2005.

A. fabrication

B. expatriation

C.  excision

11. As evidenced by an average annual compound growth rate of 12.5%, information systems outsourcing in the medical services sector in the United States is clearly growing.

A.  waning

B.  abating

C.  mushrooming

12. The largest area for outsourcing continues to be information technology.

A.  desists

B.  resumes

C.  refrains

13. The items most likely to be outsourced are hardware maintenance, training, applications development, re-engineering and mainframe data centers.

A. oversight

B. upkeep

C. disregard

14. Therefore, the main areas in terms of marketing and direct sales to companies are servers, software applications, maintenance, networks, desktop systems and end-user support items.

A. consumer

B. wholesaler

C. distributor

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